From Leviticus 11 and Deuteronomy 14 (KJV). The names in the Bible are listed as written; the everyday examples are foods that fall under the same rule.
Animals
“Nevertheless these ye shall not eat of them that chew the cud, or of them that divide the cloven hoof; as the camel, and the hare, and the coney: for they chew the cud, but divide not the hoof; therefore they are unclean unto you. And the swine, because it divideth the hoof, yet cheweth not the cud, it is unclean unto you: ye shall not eat of their flesh, nor touch their dead carcase.”
Deuteronomy 14:7-8 (KJV)
Named in the Bible
- Swine (pig)
- Camel
- Hare
- Coney (rock badger)
Everyday examples that follow this rule
- Pork, bacon, ham and gammon
- Pork sausages, salami and pepperoni
- Lard and pork gelatine
- Rabbit
- Horse and donkey
Allowed: animals that both chew the cud and have a divided hoof, such as cattle, sheep, goats and deer.
Fish and sea food
“And all that have not fins and scales in the seas, and in the rivers, of all that move in the waters, and of any living thing which is in the waters, they shall be an abomination unto you.”
Leviticus 11:10 (KJV)
Named in the Bible
- Anything in the water without both fins and scales
Everyday examples that follow this rule
- Prawns and shrimp
- Crab, lobster and crayfish
- Mussels, oysters, clams and scallops
- Squid and octopus
- Eel
- Catfish
Allowed: fish with both fins and scales, such as tilapia, salmon, cod, haddock, mackerel, sardines and kapenta.
Birds
“And these are they which ye shall have in abomination among the fowls; they shall not be eaten, they are an abomination.”
Leviticus 11:13 (KJV); the birds are named in 11:13-19
Named in the Bible
- Eagle
- Ossifrage
- Ospray
- Vulture
- Kite
- Every raven
- Owl, little owl and great owl
- Night hawk
- Cuckow
- Hawk
- Cormorant
- Swan
- Pelican
- Gier eagle
- Stork
- Heron
- Lapwing
- Bat
Allowed: clean birds not on this list, such as chicken, turkey, duck, goose, guinea fowl and pigeon.
Insects
“All fowls that creep, going upon all four, shall be an abomination unto you. Yet these may ye eat of every flying creeping thing that goeth upon all four, which have legs above their feet, to leap withal upon the earth.”
Leviticus 11:20-21 (KJV)
Named in the Bible
- Flying, creeping insects that walk on all fours
Allowed: the locust, bald locust, beetle and grasshopper after their kind (Leviticus 11:22).
Creeping things
“These also shall be unclean unto you among the creeping things that creep upon the earth; the weasel, and the mouse, and the tortoise after his kind, and the ferret, and the chameleon, and the lizard, and the snail, and the mole.”
Leviticus 11:29-30 (KJV)
Named in the Bible
- Weasel
- Mouse
- Tortoise
- Ferret
- Chameleon
- Lizard
- Snail
- Mole
- Everything that goes on its belly, such as snakes and worms (11:41-42)
Everyday examples that follow this rule
Blood and animals that died by themselves
“That ye abstain from meats offered to idols, and from blood, and from things strangled, and from fornication.”
Acts 15:29 (KJV)
Named in the Bible
- Blood
- Things strangled
- Meat offered to idols
- Any animal that died by itself (Deuteronomy 14:21)
Everyday examples that follow this rule
- Black pudding and other foods made with blood